lac galβ 1 3 glc pbs vector labs ricinus communis lectin ii ricin gal galnac terminal β gal  (Vector Laboratories)

Journal: Journal of Neuroinflammation

Article Title: Acute paretic syndrome in juvenile White Leghorn chickens resembles late stages of acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathies in humans

doi: 10.1186/1742-2094-7-7

Figure Lengend Snippet: Immunohistochemical illustration of Ricinus communis agglutinin-1 (RCA-1) -positive microglial cells in the white matter of spinal cord . The RCA-1-positive microglial cells (arrowheads) in both healthy (A) and AvIDP-affected (B) chicken show incospicuous ramified microglial cells. Activated microglial cells or an increased number were not observed. A, B: asterisk = endothelium (also stains RCA-1 positive); scale bar = 250 μm.

Article Snippet: Furthermore, the biotinylated lectin Ricinus communis agglutinin-1 (RCA 120, 1:3000; Vector Laboratories, CA, USA) was used as a specific marker for microglial cells within the spinal cord [ ].

Techniques: Immunohistochemical staining

Journal: Journal of Neuroinflammation

Article Title: Anti-inflammatory therapy by ibudilast, a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, in demyelination of twitcher, a genetic demyelination model

doi: 10.1186/1742-2094-2-10

Figure Lengend Snippet: TNFα is expressed in activated microglia/macrophages in the regions where many apoptotic OLs are recognized with severe demyelination. A: Double labeling of TNFα and RCA-1 of the twi/twi cerebrum at PND 40. Arrows indicate microglia/macrophages, which are double positive for TNFα and RCA-1. B-J : In twi/twi at PND 40, there are many TNFα-positive cells (B, E) as well as many TUNEL-positive cells (C, F) in the CWM and sp5, where severe demyelination was present as judged from the results of MBP immunostaining (D, G). These apoptotic cells are immunostained with pi-GST, identified to be OLs (inset in C). In the corpus callosum (cc), there are only a few TNFα-positive cells (H) and TUNEL-positive cells (I), where demyelination was milder than in the cerebellum (J). Asterisks and double asterisks represent the same region in the serial sections. Scale bars = 50 μm (B-J), 10 μm (inset in "C").

Article Snippet: Biotinylated Ricinus communis -agglutinin-1 (RCA-1) (50 μg/ml) was purchased from Vector Laboratories (Burlingane, CA).

Techniques: Labeling, TUNEL Assay, Immunostaining

Journal: Pharmaceuticals

Article Title: Regenerative Effects of CDP-Choline: A Dose-Dependent Study in the Toxic Cuprizone Model of De- and Remyelination

doi: 10.3390/ph14111156

Figure Lengend Snippet: Graphs represent the qualitative analysis (cells/mm 2 ) of activated microglia (( A )—RCA-1 positive microglia; ( B )—Mac-3 positive microglia, ( C )—proliferating RCA-1/Ki-67 positive microglia), and GFAP positive astrocytes ( D ) during early remyelination (week 5.5) in the corpus callosum of animals treated with different dosages of CDP-choline or sham (PBS). The astrogliosis was not affected by CDP-choline treatment. However, the number of activated microglia in all animals treated with CDP-choline, regardless of the dose used, was significantly lower than in the control group. Significant effects between mice treated with different dosages of CDP-choline and PBS are indicated by asterisks (* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, n = 6).

Article Snippet: The following primary antibodies were used: for myelin proteolipid protein (PLP) (mouse monoclonal IgG2a, 1:500, Serotec) and myelin basic protein (MBP) (mouse monoclonal IgG2b, 1:500, Covance), for activated microglia Mac-3 (rat IgG, 1:500, BD Pharmingen) and the lectin ricinus communis agglutinin 1 (RCA-1) (1:1000, biotinylated, Vector Laboratories), for astrocytes glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) (mouse IgG, 1:200, Millipore), for oligodendrocytes Nogo-A (rabbit IgG, 1:750, Millipore) and anti-adenomatus polyposis coli (APC; mouse IgG; 1:200).

Techniques: